Which two languages are typically used in Terraform configurations?

Terraform configurations are primarily written in HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL), which is a domain-specific language designed to be readable and user-friendly for defining infrastructure. HCL allows users to express their infrastructure in a clear and concise manner, making it easier to understand and maintain.

In addition to HCL, Terraform also supports JSON as a format for defining configurations. This is beneficial for users who prefer JSON or need to integrate with systems that produce or consume JSON. It provides an alternative way to express the same infrastructure configurations that can be validated and applied just like HCL.

This combination of HCL and JSON allows for flexibility and caters to various preferences among users in the DevOps and infrastructure management communities. Other programming languages like Python or YAML are not natively supported for defining Terraform configurations. Thus, focusing on HCL and JSON captures the primary ways in which Terraform allows users to define their infrastructure as code.