What language is used to write Terraform configuration files?

Terraform configuration files are written using the HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL). HCL is designed specifically for defining infrastructure as code in a human-readable format, which makes it easier for users to write and understand their configuration files. Its syntax is declarative, enabling users to specify what they want the infrastructure to look like rather than detailing the steps to create it. This is particularly advantageous for maintaining clarity and ease of use in complex configurations.

The use of HCL also allows Terraform to perform efficient parsing and validation of configuration files, aiding in error detection and helping practitioners implement best practices in infrastructure management. Furthermore, HCL’s versatility extends to supporting both JSON format for configurations, but HCL is favored for its user-friendly syntax.

Other programming languages like JavaScript, Python, and Ruby on Rails were not designed for this purpose, making them unsuitable for writing Terraform configuration files. Additionally, they do not provide the same level of integration and direct applicability for infrastructure as code scenarios that HCL offers.